If you’re reading this, chances are you’ve heard of fibroids or know someone who’s had them. Maybe you’ve even got a couple of these uterine invaders yourself. Let’s dive into what fibroids are, why they crash the reproductive party, and what you can do to show them the door.
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Think of them as the houseplants you didn’t ask for: they might start small, but some grow like they’ve been watered with miracle growth. Technically called uterine leiomyomas, fibroids are made of muscle and connective tissue. They’re extremely common, especially in women of reproductive age, and are more likely to show up in Black women—we’re talking 2-3 times more likely.
The Different Types of Fibroids
Fibroids can take up residence in different parts of your uterus:
Intramural Fibroids: These grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
Submucosal Fibroids: These extend into the uterine cavity, often causing heavy periods. They’re the drama queens of the fibroid world.
Subserosal Fibroids: These grow on the outer surface of the uterus, sometimes creating the illusion of a growing belly.
Pedunculated Fibroids: These hang out on a stalk-like uterine marionette. Creepy, right?
What Are the Symptoms of Fibroids?
Fibroids can be silent, sneaky, or downright show-stopping. Here are the main symptoms to watch out for:
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding If you’ve ever wondered if you’re starring in your own version of "Carrie," fibroids could be the culprit. Submucosal fibroids, in particular, can turn your period into an Olympic-level endurance event.
Pelvic Pain and Pressure Imagine carrying around a water balloon in your pelvis. That’s how some women describe the feeling. Fibroids, especially larger ones, can press on surrounding organs, causing everything from dull aches to full-on pelvic pressure.
Fertility Issues Submucosal fibroids can make it harder for an embryo to implant in the uterus or increase the risk of miscarriage. If you’re trying to conceive, fibroids might need a stern talking-to (or medical intervention).
Growing Abdomen Have you ever been asked when you’re due when you’re not even pregnant? Large fibroids can give you that “second-trimester glow” without the baby. Pedunculated or subserosal fibroids are often to blame.
Frequent Urination or Constipation Big fibroids can squish your bladder or bowels, making you feel like you’re living in a never-ending game of “pee or not to pee” or “when’s my next bowel movement?”
Back and Leg Pain If fibroids press on nerves, they can cause pain that radiates to your lower back or down your legs. It’s like they’re plotting a pelvic coup.
Why Do Fibroids Happen?
The exact cause of fibroids remains a mystery, but several factors contribute to their growth:
Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone are the fibroid’s BFFs, fueling their growth, especially during reproductive years.
Genetics: If your mom had fibroids, there’s a good chance you’ll get them too. Ugh, thanks, Mom!
Inflammation: Chronic inflammation and certain growth factors can encourage fibroids to form.
Lifestyle: Factors like obesity and diet may also play a role in fibroid development.
Fibroids and Fertility
Fibroids don’t always interfere with fertility, but when they do, it’s often because of their location. Submucosal fibroids, for example, can distort the uterine cavity and make it harder for an embryo to implant. Intramural fibroids might also reduce blood flow to the uterine lining, creating a less-than-ideal environment for pregnancy.
The good news? Many women with fibroids go on to have healthy pregnancies, especially with proper management. If fibroids are causing trouble, treatments like myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids) can help improve fertility outcomes.
Heavy Bleeding: When Periods Go Rogue
Heavy menstrual bleeding is one of the hallmark symptoms of fibroids. If you’re soaking through a pad or tampon every hour, doubling up on protection, or dealing with clots the size of quarters (or larger), it’s time to take action. Chronic heavy bleeding can lead to anemia, leaving you fatigued and short of breath—like running a marathon without training.
Pelvic Pain and Pressure
Pelvic pain caused by fibroids can range from mildly annoying to debilitating. Larger fibroids can press on surrounding organs, leading to symptoms like:
Bladder pressure: Making frequent bathroom trips or feeling like you can’t fully empty your bladder.
Bowel pressure: Constipation or a constant urge to go.
Nerve pain: Radiating discomfort in your back or legs.
The Growing Abdomen: Not Just a Food Baby
Larger fibroids can mimic the appearance of pregnancy, causing your abdomen to expand. If you’re rocking maternity-style pants without the baby shower, fibroids might be to blame. While the growth is usually slow, some fibroids can get impressively large, earning nicknames like basketball or watermelon.
Managing Fibroids: What Are Your Options?
Watchful Waiting: If your fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, your doctor might recommend monitoring them. Fibroids often shrink after menopause when estrogen levels decline.
Medications: Hormonal treatments like birth control pills, progestin-releasing IUDs, or GnRH agonists can help manage symptoms like heavy bleeding and pain but won’t shrink fibroids.
Minimally Invasive Procedures:
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): Cuts off blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: Removes fibroids from inside the uterine cavity.
Surgical Options:
Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus is often considered a last resort for severe cases.
Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains might reduce your risk of fibroids or alleviate symptoms.
When to See a Doctor
If fibroids are interfering with your quality of life—whether it’s heavy bleeding, pain, or fertility concerns—don’t wait to seek help. Early intervention can make a big difference in managing symptoms and improving your overall health.
Dr. Kameelah Phillips, a leading expert in women’s health including fibroids is here to help you tackle fibroids head-on. At Calla Women’s Health, located in New York City, Dr. Phillips offers compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to your unique needs. Whether you’re navigating heavy periods, pelvic pain, or fertility challenges, she’ll work with you to find the best solution.
Schedule your consultation today at Calla Women’s Health and take the first step toward living fibroid-free. Because your uterus deserves better than these uninvited guests.
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